Trichomonas Explained: A Clear Guide for Singaporeans
Trichomoniasis, or “trich” as it is often called, is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a microscopic parasite named Trichomonas vaginalis. Despite being one of the most common STIs globally, trichomoniasis remains underdiagnosed and underdiscussed, especially in Singapore.
Read on as this guide offers clear information about trichomonas, how it spreads, what symptoms to look out for, and where to get tested, so you can take control of your sexual health.
What causes trichomonas and how does it spread
Trichomoniasis is caused by a single-celled protozoan parasite that spreads during vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Most infections occur through vaginal intercourse, although transmission via shared sex toys or genital touching is also possible.
Unlike bacterial STIs such as gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis is parasitic and can survive outside the human body for a short period, increasing its chances of being transmitted through wet surfaces or shared items like towels, although this is rare.
Recognising the symptoms
Symptoms of trichomonas typically begin within 5 to 28 days of exposure, though many people remain asymptomatic. In fact, up to 70% of infected individuals show no signs, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Despite the lack of symptoms, they can still pass the infection to others.
Symptoms in women:
- Greenish-yellow or grey vaginal discharge with a strong odour
- Itching, burning, or redness in the vaginal area
- Discomfort during urination or sexual intercourse
- Increased vaginal discharge
Symptoms in men:
- Discharge from the penis
- Burning sensation after urination or ejaculation
- Irritation or itching inside the penis
When symptoms do appear, they may be mild and easily mistaken for a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis, especially in women. That’s why accurate diagnosis is important.
Common conditions that can be mistaken for trichomonas
Several conditions can mimic the symptoms of trichomoniasis, making it easy to confuse them without proper testing. The most common ones include yeast infections (candidiasis), which cause itching and thick white discharge; bacterial vaginosis, characterised by a thin, greyish discharge with a fishy smell; and other sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia or gonorrhea, which may also cause discharge and discomfort. Because symptoms often overlap, accurate diagnosis through testing is essential to ensure the right treatment.
Is trichomoniasis common in Singapore?
Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2020, there were an estimated 156 million new cases globally among people aged 15 to 49.
Though trichomoniasis is relatively uncommon in Singapore compared to other STDs like chlamydia and gonorrhoea, many cases may go undetected due to mild or absent symptoms. This makes regular STD testing important to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.
When to consider getting tested
Because trichomonas often shows no symptoms, the only way to be certain of your status is through STD testing. It’s especially recommended if you:
- Have multiple sexual partners
- Are starting a new sexual relationship
- Experience symptoms of vaginal or penile discomfort
- Have previously tested positive for other STIs
Testing is simple. For women, it typically involves a pelvic exam and a vaginal swab. For men, a urine test or swab from the urethra may be used. Rapid tests are available in some clinics, but lab results may take 1 to 3 days.
Complications if left untreated
Though trichomoniasis is not usually dangerous, it can lead to complications when ignored. According to Mayo Clinic, untreated trichomonas can increase the risk of:
- Acquiring or transmitting HIV
- Developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Pregnancy complications such as premature birth or low birth weight
- Prostatitis and urethritis in men
Additionally, ongoing infection increases the risk of reinfection and contributes to the silent spread of STIs in the community. That’s why timely treatment is essential.
Effective treatment options
The standard treatment for trichomonas is a course of oral antibiotics, either metronidazole or tinidazole. These medications are typically prescribed as a single large dose or as a series of smaller doses over 5 to 7 days.
Both sexual partners should be treated simultaneously, even if only one person is experiencing symptoms. Refrain from sexual activity until treatment is completed and symptoms disappear, usually within a week.
It’s also crucial to avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours after taking metronidazole or 72 hours after tinidazole to prevent unpleasant side effects like nausea and headaches.
Can trichomoniasis naturally go away?
Trichomoniasis typically does not go away on its own without treatment. While some people might experience a reduction in symptoms over time, the infection usually persists in the body and can continue to be transmitted to sexual partners. Without proper antibiotic treatment, the parasite can linger for months or even years, increasing the risk of complications and spreading the infection further.
Therefore, seeking medical diagnosis and completing the prescribed treatment is important to fully clear the infection and protect both your health and that of your partners.
Preventing reinfection and staying safe
Practising safe sex remains the most effective way to prevent trichomonas. Here are a few preventative tips:
- Use condoms consistently and correctly during all sexual encounters
- Avoid sharing sex toys, or clean them thoroughly between uses
- Get regular STD testing, especially when entering new relationships
- Communicate openly with your partner(s) about sexual health
People who’ve been treated for trichomoniasis are at risk of reinfection. According to Cleveland Clinic, around 1 in 5 people get infected again within three months. Follow-up testing is advised, particularly for women, within three months of treatment.
How confidential are trichomonas test results and treatment in Singapore clinics?
In Singapore, trichomonas testing and treatment are handled with strict confidentiality under the Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA). Clinics, including GPs and polyclinics, are legally required to keep your medical records private, and test results are not shared with employers, insurers, or family members without your consent.
Supporting sexual health in Singapore
Although STI awareness is improving in Singapore, a cultural stigma around sexual health still discourages many from getting tested. Normalising regular screenings and making sexual health part of your self-care routine is key to reversing this trend.
The Health Promotion Board (HPB) has continued efforts to promote sexual health education among youth and adults, but private clinics and GP practices also play a vital role in offering accessible and discreet testing services.
Conclusion
Elyon Family Clinic & Surgery provides expert-led consultations and comprehensive services in a safe, respectful environment. Whether you’re experiencing symptoms or just want to stay informed about your health, we are here to help.
