Maintaining optimal testosterone levels is essential for overall health, particularly as men age. Testosterone is a hormone that influences everything from muscle mass and energy levels to mood and libido. However, many individuals experience low testosterone, also known as testosterone deficiency, which can have a negative impact on physical and mental well-being. One of the
Andropause and Male Hormone Deficiency
What Is Andropause (Low Testosterone)?
Low testosterone, also known as hypogonadism or andropause, occurs when the body produces insufficient testosterone for optimal health. Testosterone is a crucial hormone for male development and sexual function, influencing bone and muscle health, mood, and overall energy levels.
Approximately 26% of Singaporean males experience low testosterone levels, leading to testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). This condition can result in symptoms such as reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased energy, and fatigue.
Low Testosterone
Low testosterone encompasses TDS and other conditions that reduce testosterone levels due to factors like ageing, medical conditions, medications, or lifestyle choices. Symptoms may include decreased body hair, hot flashes, and anaemia.
Andropause (Male Menopause)
Andropause, or “male menopause,” refers to the natural decline in testosterone levels as men age. Unlike female menopause, it doesn’t involve a complete halt in hormone production. Not all men experience andropause or require medical intervention, but some may notice symptoms associated with decreasing testosterone levels over time.
Having problems with Andropause (Low Testosterone)?
If you exhibit signs of low testosterone, such as those linked to TDS or andropause, it’s important to consult a doctor for evaluation and, if necessary, develop a treatment plan.
Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TDS)
TDS arises when a man’s body doesn’t produce sufficient testosterone. While it can occur at any age, it’s more prevalent in older men. Symptoms include reduced libido, erectile difficulties, loss of muscle mass and strength, fatigue, mood changes, and decreased bone density.
What Are the Causes of Low Testosterone?
Testosterone deficiency can result from various factors, including:
- Ageing
- Obesity
- Metabolic syndromes (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood sugar, unhealthy cholesterol levels, abdominal fat)
- Certain medications (e.g., antidepressants, narcotic pain medications)
What Are the Symptoms Of Low Testosterone?
Men with low testosterone levels may experience:
- Sexual dysfunction: This includes infertility, fewer spontaneous erections, reduced sexual desire, and erectile dysfunction. Testicular size may also decrease.
- Sleep disturbances: Low testosterone can alter sleep patterns, leading to increased fatigue and insomnia due to elevated cortisol levels, which promote wakefulness.
- Physical changes: Symptoms may involve decreased bone density, reduced energy, diminished muscle strength and mass, increased body fat, loss of body hair, and, in rare cases, enlarged male breasts. These changes can impact physical appearance and health, potentially affecting self-confidence over time.
- Emotional changes: Low testosterone can decrease self-confidence and motivation, leading to reduced drive, increased feelings of sadness or depression, and difficulties with memory or concentration.
Male hormone deficiency significantly impacts men’s health, and many seek treatment to address these symptoms, especially when planning to start a family.
Who Is at Risk of Testosterone Deficiency in Singapore?
Individuals with the following conditions may have a higher risk of testosterone deficiency:
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Noonan syndrome
- Ambiguous genitalia
- HIV/AIDS
Diagnosis for Testosterone Deficiency
To diagnose testosterone deficiency, a doctor will conduct a physical examination and assess your symptoms, noting sexual development indicators such as pubic hair, muscle mass, and testicular size. A blood test may be performed to measure testosterone levels. If abnormalities are detected, further tests may include:
- Hormone testing
- Semen analysis
- Pituitary imaging
- Genetic studies
- Testicular biopsy
Elyon Clinic is a men’s health clinic in Singapore dedicated to helping male patients understand and address declines in natural testosterone levels. We offer comprehensive services, including testosterone tests, low testosterone consultations, and treatments aimed at improving men’s health and boosting testosterone levels.
What Are the Treatments Available for Low Testosterone in Singapore?
Treatment options vary by age. With an ageing population, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is becoming more common in Singapore. Treatment aims to alleviate symptoms of low testosterone, such as fatigue and sexual dysfunction. Available treatments include:
- Injections (e.g., Nebido): Administered every three months.
- Topical gels (e.g., Androgel): Applied daily to the skin on the upper arms, shoulders, or thighs.
- Tablets (e.g., Andriol): Taken orally twice a day, allowing testosterone absorption into the bloodstream.
- Implants: Inserted under the skin, typically around the hips or buttocks, releasing testosterone slowly and replaced every three to six months.
Most men notice symptom improvement within four to six weeks of starting TRT, though changes like increased muscle mass may take three to six months.
Treatment Cost
The cost of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in Singapore varies based on the treatment method and individual circumstances.
In general, costs can vary based on the type of therapy:
- Topical gels or creams: The cost is approximately S$196.20 per box of gels.
- Injections: Each injection costs around S$381.50.
- Implants: The procedure costs between $1,000 and $2,000 each time.
It’s important to note that these figures are approximate and can vary depending on the specific treatment plan. Additionally, there may be additional costs for consultations, blood tests, and ongoing monitoring.
For the most accurate and personalised information, it’s recommended to consult our clinic directly.
Dr Vincent Chia
MB BCh BAO (Dublin NUI), Graduate Diploma in Family Medicine (NUS)
Certificate In Andrology (Men’s Health)
Member, Society for Men’s Health
Family Physician
Dr Vincent Chia is a board-accredited Family Physician with over 25 years of clinical experience. Having trained in Ireland and Singapore, he has expertise in Dermatology, Endocrinology, Cardiology, General Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Men’s Health, and a special interest in Sports Medicine. Known for his warm and approachable demeanour, Dr Chia is dedicated to providing comprehensive care and ensuring his patients understand their clinical decisions.
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