Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are often used interchangeably when talking about specific medical conditions, such as chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS. Although they can be used to refer to the same group of viruses and medical conditions, there is a significant difference between STDs and STIs.
Considering the prevalence of STDs and STIs in our modern society, being aware of what each term means and how you can differentiate between an STD and STI is crucial for your sexual health. Let us share an in-depth analysis of these two medical terms so that you can gain a better understanding of their differences.
The differences between STD and STI
Perhaps the most obvious difference between STDs and STIs is in their names. STDs stand for sexually transmitted diseases, while STIs refer to sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, in essence, the main difference between the two medical terms is that one is classified as a disease, and the other is considered an infection.
STDs are derived from STIs. Infections occur when pathogens enter your body and start multiplying. Over time, these sexually transmitted bacteria may progress into an STD, disrupting your normal body functions and damaging the structures of your body.
In contrast, STIs are infections that have not yet developed into full-blown diseases. Examples of STIs include bacteria, viruses, and even parasites like pubic lice. These infections are typically transmitted during sex, as there is an exchange of bodily fluids or skin-to-skin contact in areas where the infection is active.
When differentiating between the two medical terms, you should take note that even though all STDs begin as infections, not all STIs develop into STDs. Let us take the human papillomavirus (HPV) as an example. HPV is considered an STI, but in most cases, a person’s immune system naturally clears the virus up without causing serious health issues. However, if it does not clear up, the virus can cause genital warts, which is considered an STD.
Common symptoms of STDs and STIs
While STDs and STIs are different, they do share similar symptoms. If your body manifests any of the following signs, we recommend seeking medical advice immediately. These common symptoms include:
- Pain or discomfort while urinating
- Painful blisters around the genital area
- Plump growths around the genital area
- Sting or itch around the genitals
- Pain in the testicles for men
- Pain in the abdomen or pelvis for women
- Spotting or unusual vaginal bleeding between periods or after sex
- Unusual fluid discharge from the penis or vagina
These symptoms usually manifest if you have been infected with an STI. If the infection is left untreated, it will progress and develop into an STD.
However, it is essential to note that a patient may not develop symptoms even after being infected with an STI or STD. For example, a study has shown that up to 70% of women do not experience symptoms when infected with chlamydia. As such, it is highly recommended that you undergo regular STD testing in Singapore, especially if you are sexually active or are regularly exposed to STD-causing bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Effective ways to prevent STDs and STIs
STDs and STIs are preventable, and most of them can be treated with antibiotics or antiviral medications. However, prevention is always the best cure. Aside from getting yourself tested regularly, you can reduce your risks of contracting an STD or STI by following these preventive measures:
- Getting vaccinated to prevent infections or diseases, such as HPV and Hepatitis B
- Practising monogamy
- Practising safe sex by using contraceptives like condoms
- Abstaining from any sexual activity
- Avoid sharing towels or toiletries, such as a razor
- Wash up before and after sexual intercourse
Conclusion
Knowing the difference between STDs and STIs is essential to fully understand the nature and effects of these diseases and infections. Indeed, awareness is key to effective prevention. We hope what we have shared has allowed you to understand these two medical terms better.
If you suspect you might be at risk of contracting an STI or STD, it is best to schedule a health screening immediately. Early detection is always the most effective way to prevent the infection from turning into a severe health problem. At Elyon Clinic, we provide confidential and highly trusted STD screenings for patients who value their privacy. To learn more about our services, you can give us a call at 6802 7208 and schedule an appointment today.
