Genital warts, also known as condylomata acuminata, are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). While they are generally not life-threatening, genital warts can cause significant discomfort, anxiety, and social stigma. Early detection and treatment of genital warts are crucial to managing the symptoms and preventing further spread.
Read on as we explore the early symptoms of genital warts and what you should be aware of to seek timely medical intervention.
Understanding genital warts
Genital warts are small, flesh-coloured growths that appear on the genital and anal areas. They are caused by certain strains of HPV, particularly types 6 and 11, which are responsible for the majority of cases. HPV is highly contagious and can be transmitted through skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Early symptoms of genital warts
Recognising the early symptoms of genital warts is essential for prompt treatment. Here are some of the key signs to look out for:
1. Small bumps or growths
One of the earliest signs of genital warts is the appearance of small, flesh-coloured or greyish bumps on the genital or anal areas. These growths can be smooth or have a rough, cauliflower-like texture. In women, they may appear on the vulva, cervix, vaginal walls, or around the anus. In men, they typically occur on the penis, scrotum, or around the anus.
2. Itching and discomfort
Genital warts can cause itching, burning, or discomfort in the affected areas. This irritation may be mild at first but can become more pronounced as the warts grow larger or multiply. Itching can also lead to scratching, which increases the risk of secondary infections.
3. Bleeding and pain
In some cases, genital warts may bleed, especially if they are irritated by friction from clothing or sexual activity. Bleeding warts can be painful and may cause significant discomfort. Pain during sexual intercourse or while urinating can also be a symptom of genital warts, particularly if they are located in sensitive areas.
4. Changes in skin texture
The skin around the genital area may feel different or rough to the touch if warts are present. This change in texture can be a subtle early sign of genital warts, especially if the warts are small or located in hard-to-see areas.
5. Clusters of warts
Genital warts often appear in clusters, resembling a small group of bumps or growths. These clusters can vary in size and number, and they may spread over time if left untreated. The warts can merge to form larger growths, increasing discomfort and the risk of complications.
Diagnosing genital warts
If you notice any of the early symptoms of genital warts, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Genital warts can be identified by a medical professional by physical examination and, if required, by taking a sample of the afflicted area. In some cases, additional tests may be conducted to rule out other conditions or infections.
Treatment options
While there is no cure for HPV, several treatment options are available to manage the symptoms of genital warts. These include:
1. Topical medications
Prescription creams and ointments, such as imiquimod, podophyllin, and sinecatechins, can be applied directly to the warts to help reduce their size and eliminate them. These medications work by stimulating the immune system to fight the virus or by destroying the wart tissue.
2. Cryotherapy
Through the use of liquid nitrogen to freeze them, cryotherapy effectively removes the warts. This procedure is usually performed in a healthcare provider’s office and may require multiple sessions for complete removal.
3. Electrosurgery
Electrosurgery uses an electrical current to burn off the warts. This method is effective for larger or more stubborn warts and is typically performed under local anaesthesia.
4. Laser therapy
Laser therapy uses a focused beam of light to destroy the wart tissue. This method is often reserved for extensive or difficult-to-treat warts and may require local or general anaesthesia.
5. Surgical removal
In some cases, surgical excision may be necessary to remove large or persistent warts. This procedure is performed under local or general anaesthesia and involves cutting the warts away with a scalpel.
Preventing genital warts
Preventing genital warts involves reducing your risk of HPV infection. Here are some key preventive measures:
1. Vaccination
The HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection with the most common HPV strains that cause genital warts and cervical cancer. It is recommended for both males and females, ideally before the initiation of sexual activity.
2. Safe sexual practices
Using dental dams and condoms during sexual activity can significantly reduce the risk of HPV transmission. Reducing the number of sexual partners and avoiding sexual contact with individuals who have visible warts or other symptoms of STIs can also help prevent infection.
3. Regular screenings
Regular screenings and check-ups with a healthcare provider can help detect genital warts and other STIs early. Women should have routine Pap smears to screen for cervical abnormalities caused by HPV.
Conclusion
Early detection and treatment of genital warts are crucial for managing symptoms and preventing the spread of HPV. If you notice any signs of genital warts, such as small bumps, itching, or changes in skin texture, seek medical attention promptly.
At Elyon Family Clinic & Surgery, we provide comprehensive care and treatment for genital warts and other STIs. Our experienced healthcare providers are dedicated to helping you maintain your sexual health and well-being. Visit our HIV clinic in Singapore to learn more and schedule an appointment.